June 22, "the People's Republic of China Soil Pollution Prevention Law (Draft)" 22 for the first time to the National People's Congress Standing Committee to consider. This is the first law of soil pollution prevention and control in China, which is of great significance to further standardize the prevention and control of soil pollution in China.
Luo Qingquan, vice chairman of the NPC Environmental Protection Committee, said that the prevention and control of soil pollution is directly related to the quality and safety of agricultural products, the people's health and economic and social sustainable development. The first survey of soil pollution in China shows that the overall soil environmental condition is not optimistic, and soil pollution is heavy in some areas. The total soil exceeded the standard rate of 16.1%, of which the slight, mild, moderate and severe pollution point ratio were 11.2%, 2.3%, 1.5% and 1.1%.
The draft is a total of nine chapters ninety four. One of the major features of the draft is to clearly stipulate that prevention and control of soil pollution should be based on prevention, protection priority, classification management, risk prevention and control, pollution control, public participation.
In order to prevent the improper use of contaminated soil at the source, the draft stipulates that land use planning and urban and rural planning should take full account of the requirements of soil pollution control and reasonably determine the land use.
According to the characteristics of different types of land, the draft stipulates the management and repair of soil pollution risk of agricultural land and construction land.
On the agricultural products related to the quality and safety of agricultural land, the draft regulations, the state to establish agricultural land classification management system. The agricultural land is divided into priority protection class, safe use and strict control class. Where the draft regulations, strict control of agricultural land in the area where the local people's government agricultural authorities should be designated according to the specific agricultural products prohibited production areas; on the impact of groundwater, drinking water source safety, the development of pollution prevention programs.
The relevant departments in charge of land and resources, planning, housing, urban and rural construction of the local people's governments at or above the county level shall not be allowed to approve them as residential, public management and Public services and other land.
The draft set up a special chapter, through a variety of channels, a variety of ways to solve the problem of soil pollution. In addition, the draft also provides for the supervision and inspection, the contents of public participation, provides the corresponding legal responsibility.
How to prevent soil pollution prevention, how to prevent soil pollution "infection", how remediation has been "sick" soil? The first draft of soil pollution control law, out of the three prescriptions.
Prevention from the source to reduce soil pollution
"Soil pollution has the characteristics of accumulation, nonuniformity and long-term existence. The migration, diffusion and dilution of pollutants in the soil are very slow, and the soil will be 'everlasting.'" This section of the Ministry of Environmental Protection The words contain a truth: the most urgent task for soil pollution is to prevent and control new pollution.
Large area of soil remediation is a worldwide problem, its complexity and investment is much greater than air and water. Soil pollution prevention and control should be based on the protection of soil, classification and rational use of land.
One of the most important tasks is that for the "good soil" that has not yet been contaminated, the state will give priority protection so that these uncontaminated soils can maintain good condition. As stipulated in the draft, in the permanent basic farmland area, no new construction may cause soil pollution. It is forbidden to build or rebuild construction projects that may cause soil pollution around residential areas and schools, hospitals, nursing homes, nursing homes and other units.
China's soil pollution is in the process of economic and social development of long-term accumulation. The man-made causes include: the waste gas, waste water and waste residue discharged from the production and operation activities of the industrial and mining enterprises caused by the surrounding soil pollution. The irrational use of agricultural inputs such as sewage irrigation, chemical fertilizers, pesticides and agricultural films in agricultural production activities and livestock breeding And so on, resulting in arable land pollution; domestic waste, waste household appliances, waste batteries, waste lamps and other arbitrary discarded, and daily sewage discharge, resulting in soil pollution.
It is based on the characteristics of soil pollution and the main source of soil pollution in China. The draft of this proposal is set up under the chapter "Prevention and protection", focusing on the supervision of enterprises, mineral resources development, domestic waste and solid waste disposal, agriculture Non-point source pollution may cause pollution to the soil, made the corresponding provisions.
Such as in the most closely related to our food safety aspects of soil pollution, the draft proposed to prohibit the discharge of heavy metals in agricultural land, organic pollutants and other content of excessive sewage, sludge, dredging mud, tailings (slag), etc .; In the agricultural land application of heavy metals, persistent organic pollutants and other toxic and hazardous substances exceeding the standard livestock and poultry manure, sewage, biogas residue, biogas slurry and so on.
Risk control to prevent soil pollution affect our lives "after the soil pollution, the real treatment to repair is very difficult, the cost of investment from the international experience, pollution prevention may just spend a dollar, risk control may take ten Money, at the end of the time to take a hundred dollars to control. "Ministry of Environmental Protection, director of soil and environmental management Qiu Qiwen said, adhere to the main prevention, the most important thing is to implement risk control.
Risk control is the soil pollution control law draft adhere to a principle, which is "soil ten" one of the requirements.
Qiu Qiwen said that the core of soil pollution control is the risk of control, to focus on how to cut off the exposure. He said, for example, cut off the way to disclose the way and we smear sunscreen to prevent UV damage is the same, that is, once blocking the isolation route, people do not touch the contaminated soil, the risk will be protected.
The draft provides for the risk control measures for agricultural land and construction land, respectively.
Such as the use of safe use of cultivated land risk control measures, including agronomic regulation, alternative cultivation, etc .; for more serious pollution control of agricultural land, according to the law to specify the specific agricultural products prohibited production areas, included in the prohibited production areas of agricultural land To take crop rotation, returning farmland to forest and grass, grazing and other measures.
Right now, the city can be developed inside and outside the use of land resources more and more tense, some places are the original mining land to construction land. But are these land safe and exploitable?
Qiu Qiwen said that for the construction of land, should take effective isolation and blocking measures to cut off the impact of soil pollution on human settlements.
The relevant departments in charge of land and resources, planning, housing, urban and rural construction of the local people's governments at or above the county level shall not be allowed to approve them as residential, public management and public services for construction land and draft regulations. And so on.
Pollution responsibility, who pollution, who control the prevention, control, are to cure in the absence of disease. And contaminated soil, like people who have been sick. But the patient is not completely "no rescue", but also through the repair to reduce the risk or harm, to restore the health, available land. Just this usually takes a lot of money and a long time. Who is responsible for "sick" soil treatment? What are the national arrangements for the prevention and control of soil pollution?
"Soil ten" proposed, in accordance with the "polluter, who governs" principle, resulting in soil pollution units or individuals to bear the main responsibility for governance and rehabilitation.
Qiu Qiwen said that in the field of soil pollution remediation, does not advocate blindly "big governance, large repair", but focus on the proposed development and construction of residential, commercial, school, medical and pension agencies and other projects of pollution plots, orderly management And repair. This idea draws on decades of experience and lessons of soil remediation.
Under this principle, the draft proposed, whether agricultural land or construction land, do need to repair, to be responsible for the restoration of soil pollution responsible person. Agricultural land restoration, soil pollution can not assume responsibility for repair, by the local people's government on behalf of the repair, but the resulting costs, is the right to the soil pollution responsibility for the recovery.
On the construction of soil remediation, the draft made a more detailed provisions, such as to commission the environmental supervision agency for environmental supervision, after the completion of another commissioned by the relevant agencies to carry out the effect assessment.
The draft specifically put forward the economic measures for soil pollution prevention and control, requiring the people's governments at all levels to arrange the necessary funds for the investigation of soil pollution status, risk assessment, rehabilitation and so on, as well as the expenditure on emergency response to soil pollution incidents. The state will set up the central and provincial soil pollution prevention and control fund, and encourage financial institutions to increase credit, the relevant enterprises to give tax incentives.
